About Us

• Rummy APP+
  • To make your gaming experience interesting and new, you should also think about trying out various game modes and challenges. To sum up, Yono Games APK provides a plethora of features and advantages for Android users who wish to play a wide variety of games on their smartphones. Yono Games APK offers a great gaming platform that suits a variety of gaming interests and preferences thanks to its large game library, excellent graphics, fluid gameplay, community features, & multiplayer capability.
  • The Refer & Earn Program rewards are subject to change at any time at the discretion of Navi App. 2. Users must adhere to ethical practices when promoting Navi App through the Refer & Earn Program. 3. Navi App reserves the right to disqualify any user found to be engaging in fraudulent activities or misuse of the program. 4.
  • What rewards can I earn through the Refer and Earn Program?The rewards may include cashback on transactions, discounts on services, or other exclusive offers. The specific rewards may vary based on ongoing promotions or campaigns. 3. Is there a limit to how many people I can refer?There is usually no limit to how many people you can refer to Navi App. The more people you refer, the more rewards you can earn. 1.
  • The initiative from Navi App shows that two important facets of its expansion strategy are its emphasis on user-driven growth and customer satisfaction. Obtaining the Special Link for Your Referral. Following their registration, they will have access to their special code or link, which they can distribute to their loved ones. Rewarding Referrals with Rewards.
  • Ultimately, don't forget to enjoy yourself and the game of rummy with like-minded people. Making the most of the chance to form new relationships within the rummy community is highly recommended, as Rummy Meet events are just as much about mingling & forming connections with people as they are about playing the game. For players of all skill levels, there are several advantages to attending a Rummy Meet event.
  • Both the original user and the referrer get rewarded when someone joins up for Navi App using their code or referral link. Users have the option of sharing their referral code or link via email, messaging apps, social media, or other channels. Also, they can personally encourage their loved ones to use Navi App by outlining the advantages of doing so. Earnings Maximization.
  • The goal of Navi App's referral program is to build a network of enthusiastic users who actively market the platform. When compared to conventional marketing techniques, this approach may result in organic growth and lower customer acquisition costs. Because users share their positive experiences with friends and family, it also helps to foster a sense of community among users. Quality of the app, allure of the rewards, and simplicity of use are often critical factors in determining the success of these referral programs.
  • These incentives are meant to encourage users to recommend other people and establish a favorable feedback loop for the application. In order to encourage active participation in the Refer and Earn Program and support the app's expansion, Navi App offers enticing rewards to its users. Making the most of their network is possible for the referrer by participating in the Refer and Earn Program and earning rewards. By referring new users to the Navi App, they can reap the benefits and gain from each new user they bring. That being said, as a welcome bonus, new users who sign up for Navi App using a code or referral link can also get exclusive benefits.
  • An essential component of winning at rummy is efficient card management. To reduce the possibility of ending up with unplayable cards at the end of the game & increase their chances of forming sets and runs, players must be able to carefully manage their hand. As runs are frequently more difficult to achieve and can provide you with a significant advantage in the game, prioritizing runs over sets is an important strategy for effective card management.
  • Both the original user and the referrer get rewarded when someone joins up for Navi App using their code or referral link. Users have the option of sharing their referral code or link via email, messaging apps, social media, or other channels. Also, they can personally encourage their loved ones to use Navi App by outlining the advantages of doing so. Earnings Maximization.
  • The Refer & Earn Program rewards are subject to change at any time at the discretion of Navi App. 2. Users must adhere to ethical practices when promoting Navi App through the Refer & Earn Program. 3. Navi App reserves the right to disqualify any user found to be engaging in fraudulent activities or misuse of the program. 4.
  • These incentives are meant to encourage users to recommend other people and establish a favorable feedback loop for the application. In order to encourage active participation in the Refer and Earn Program and support the app's expansion, Navi App offers enticing rewards to its users. Making the most of their network is possible for the referrer by participating in the Refer and Earn Program and earning rewards. By referring new users to the Navi App, they can reap the benefits and gain from each new user they bring. That being said, as a welcome bonus, new users who sign up for Navi App using a code or referral link can also get exclusive benefits.
• Rummy APP+
  • The game is made more intricate & sophisticated by the unique set of rules and tactics that each variation offers. Eastern Rummy is referred to as Rummi in Bangladesh, where it is frequently played with a few minor rules and scoring modifications. Eastern rummy, also called Paplu or Paplu Thirteen in Sri Lanka, is played with 13 cards, just like it is in India. However, Paplu is specific to Sri Lankan culture due to a few minor variations in the gameplay and rules. Similar to this, Eastern Rummy is played in Nepal under the name Paplu or Indian Marriage, & it has its own set of rules and variants.
  • Another user reported using the Navi App to set up a referral challenge among their friends, which allowed them to receive special discounts on their preferred services. These success stories demonstrate the potential of Navi App's Refer and Earn Program and how users can benefit from actively participating in it. 1. How do I get my referral link or code?To get your referral link or code, simply download Navi App, create an account, and navigate to the Refer and Earn section in the app. You will find your unique referral link or code that you can share with others. 2.
  • The goal of Navi App's referral program is to build a network of enthusiastic users who actively market the platform. When compared to conventional marketing techniques, this approach may result in organic growth and lower customer acquisition costs. Because users share their positive experiences with friends and family, it also helps to foster a sense of community among users. Quality of the app, allure of the rewards, and simplicity of use are often critical factors in determining the success of these referral programs.
  • Through the Navi App's Refer and Earn Program, users can get compensated for introducing others to the app. The purpose of this campaign is to get current users to tell others about Navi App in their social networks, which will increase the app's user base. Program participants can receive cashback, discounts, or special benefits, among other incentives. The initiative helps Navi App expand its clientele and boost its visibility in the market while also compensating users for their advocacy. In order to establish credibility and draw in new users, this strategy makes use of word-of-mouth marketing.
  • The platform makes sure that your gaming experience is seamless and enjoyable, whether you're playing puzzle games or action-packed shooters. There are only a few easy steps involved in the straightforward process of downloading & installing Yono Games APK. Users may start by downloading the APK file from reputable sources or the official Yono Games website. Users can enable the installation of apps from unknown sources by navigating to their device's settings after downloading the file. The Yono Games APK file can then be installed on the device thanks to this.
  • The Refer & Earn Program rewards are subject to change at any time at the discretion of Navi App. 2. Users must adhere to ethical practices when promoting Navi App through the Refer & Earn Program. 3. Navi App reserves the right to disqualify any user found to be engaging in fraudulent activities or misuse of the program. 4.
  • The Refer & Earn Program rewards are subject to change at any time at the discretion of Navi App. 2. Users must adhere to ethical practices when promoting Navi App through the Refer & Earn Program. 3. Navi App reserves the right to disqualify any user found to be engaging in fraudulent activities or misuse of the program. 4.
  • Get Rewarded with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program
  • Focusing on creating pure sequences early in the game is a crucial tactic because they are necessary for victory. When completing sets & sequences, pure sequences—which are made up of consecutive cards in the same suit devoid of jokers—are important. Players can also anticipate which cards are available for drawing from the stockpile or discard pile by keeping track of the cards that are discarded. Another crucial piece of advice is to watch your opponents' movements and make an effort to infer their strategies from their discards.
  • They can receive more incentives the more people they recommend. Users can take advantage of their network & get compensated for referring others to the Navi App in this easy and efficient way. The Navi App's Refer and Earn Program provides a number of incentives and advantages to both the new user and the referrer. The benefits could be in the form of service discounts, cashback on purchases, or other special deals.
  • More recommendations may result from this as it may arouse friendly rivalry and excitement within their network. By earning incentives and benefits through their referrals, numerous users have found success with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program. Some users have shared their experiences about using the Navi App to refer friends and family in order to receive special discounts or cashback on transactions. Other program participants are encouraged to get involved and make the most of their referrals by reading these success stories. After recommending the Navi App to their coworkers, one user shared how they were able to receive a sizable cashback. They could finally enjoy the fruits of their labor & were overjoyed to see that their efforts had paid off.
  • They can write articles or narratives about the Navi App, provide their link for referrals, and entice their audience to sign up for the service. Social media is an effective way to get the word out about Navi App & connect with potential new users. To add even more interest to the process, users can set up challenges or contests for referrals. They have the ability to set objectives for themselves and provide extra incentives upon achieving particular benchmarks.
• lottery Result+
  • A fixed number of cards are dealt to each player at the start of the game, and the remaining cards are arranged in a face-down draw pile. Tossing one card from their hand, each player takes a turn drawing cards from the draw or discard pile. The player who forms all of their cards into sets & runs at the end of the game declares Rummy & wins. Playing rummy calls for a blend of ability, cunning, & good fortune. Selecting which cards to keep, discard, or pick up requires players to quickly assess their hand.
  • The goal of Navi App's referral program is to build a network of enthusiastic users who actively market the platform. When compared to conventional marketing techniques, this approach may result in organic growth and lower customer acquisition costs. Because users share their positive experiences with friends and family, it also helps to foster a sense of community among users. Quality of the app, allure of the rewards, and simplicity of use are often critical factors in determining the success of these referral programs.
  • Get Rewarded with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program
  • They can receive more incentives the more people they recommend. Users can take advantage of their network & get compensated for referring others to the Navi App in this easy and efficient way. The Navi App's Refer and Earn Program provides a number of incentives and advantages to both the new user and the referrer. The benefits could be in the form of service discounts, cashback on purchases, or other special deals.
  • Having all the tools and materials you need to play rummy, including card decks, score sheets, & any additional accessories you might require, is foremost. In order to modify your plan of action, it's also a good idea to become familiar with the rules and variations of rummy that might be played at the event. Being receptive to new ideas and eager to absorb knowledge from others is another crucial strategy for success at Rummy Meet. Engaging in conversation with other rummy enthusiasts can always teach you something new, regardless of your experience level. To advance your abilities & learn new perspectives on the game, make the most of any workshops or tutorials that are provided during the event.
  • They can write articles or narratives about the Navi App, provide their link for referrals, and entice their audience to sign up for the service. Social media is an effective way to get the word out about Navi App & connect with potential new users. To add even more interest to the process, users can set up challenges or contests for referrals. They have the ability to set objectives for themselves and provide extra incentives upon achieving particular benchmarks.
  • Get Rewarded with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program
  • Both the original user and the referrer get rewarded when someone joins up for Navi App using their code or referral link. Users have the option of sharing their referral code or link via email, messaging apps, social media, or other channels. Also, they can personally encourage their loved ones to use Navi App by outlining the advantages of doing so. Earnings Maximization.
  • Unlocking the Exciting Rummy 777 51 Bonus
  • They can write articles or narratives about the Navi App, provide their link for referrals, and entice their audience to sign up for the service. Social media is an effective way to get the word out about Navi App & connect with potential new users. To add even more interest to the process, users can set up challenges or contests for referrals. They have the ability to set objectives for themselves and provide extra incentives upon achieving particular benchmarks.
  • These incentives are meant to encourage users to recommend other people and establish a favorable feedback loop for the application. In order to encourage active participation in the Refer and Earn Program and support the app's expansion, Navi App offers enticing rewards to its users. Making the most of their network is possible for the referrer by participating in the Refer and Earn Program and earning rewards. By referring new users to the Navi App, they can reap the benefits and gain from each new user they bring. That being said, as a welcome bonus, new users who sign up for Navi App using a code or referral link can also get exclusive benefits.
  • They can write articles or narratives about the Navi App, provide their link for referrals, and entice their audience to sign up for the service. Social media is an effective way to get the word out about Navi App & connect with potential new users. To add even more interest to the process, users can set up challenges or contests for referrals. They have the ability to set objectives for themselves and provide extra incentives upon achieving particular benchmarks.
• Teen Patti+
  • Users can always play the newest & best games thanks to frequent updates and new releases. Users may discover new games and locate & access their favorite ones with ease thanks to the user-friendly design. seamless gameplay encounter. With seamless performance & snappy controls, Yono Games APK offers a top-notch gaming experience on all platforms.
  • This promotes new users to explore the Navi App's features and gives them a positive user experience. Users can use the following advice to successfully promote the Navi App through the Refer and Earn Program, increasing their referral potential and earning more rewards. Initially, individuals can tailor their strategy by elaborating on their love for the Navi App & its benefits. By sharing their personal stories, referrers can strengthen the persuasiveness of their recommendation and encourage more people to sign up. Users have the ability to expand their audience by utilizing social media platforms.
  • Through the Navi App's Refer and Earn Program, users can get compensated for introducing others to the app. The purpose of this campaign is to get current users to tell others about Navi App in their social networks, which will increase the app's user base. Program participants can receive cashback, discounts, or special benefits, among other incentives. The initiative helps Navi App expand its clientele and boost its visibility in the market while also compensating users for their advocacy. In order to establish credibility and draw in new users, this strategy makes use of word-of-mouth marketing.
  • The initiative from Navi App shows that two important facets of its expansion strategy are its emphasis on user-driven growth and customer satisfaction. Obtaining the Special Link for Your Referral. Following their registration, they will have access to their special code or link, which they can distribute to their loved ones. Rewarding Referrals with Rewards.
  • Exploring the Rummy East: A Journey into the World of Eastern Rummy
  • These incentives are meant to encourage users to recommend other people and establish a favorable feedback loop for the application. In order to encourage active participation in the Refer and Earn Program and support the app's expansion, Navi App offers enticing rewards to its users. Making the most of their network is possible for the referrer by participating in the Refer and Earn Program and earning rewards. By referring new users to the Navi App, they can reap the benefits and gain from each new user they bring. That being said, as a welcome bonus, new users who sign up for Navi App using a code or referral link can also get exclusive benefits.
  • This promotes new users to explore the Navi App's features and gives them a positive user experience. Users can use the following advice to successfully promote the Navi App through the Refer and Earn Program, increasing their referral potential and earning more rewards. Initially, individuals can tailor their strategy by elaborating on their love for the Navi App & its benefits. By sharing their personal stories, referrers can strengthen the persuasiveness of their recommendation and encourage more people to sign up. Users have the ability to expand their audience by utilizing social media platforms.
  • Both the original user and the referrer get rewarded when someone joins up for Navi App using their code or referral link. Users have the option of sharing their referral code or link via email, messaging apps, social media, or other channels. Also, they can personally encourage their loved ones to use Navi App by outlining the advantages of doing so. Earnings Maximization.
  • Yono Games APK provides a variety of exclusive and niche games that target particular hobbies and tastes in addition to the standard game categories. The platform offers a place where both mainstream and niche games can flourish, ranging from classic arcade games to contemporary indie gems. This wide range of options guarantees that players, whether they're searching for well-known favorites or undiscovered hidden gems, will always have something fresh & entertaining to play.
  • They can receive more incentives the more people they recommend. Users can take advantage of their network & get compensated for referring others to the Navi App in this easy and efficient way. The Navi App's Refer and Earn Program provides a number of incentives and advantages to both the new user and the referrer. The benefits could be in the form of service discounts, cashback on purchases, or other special deals.
  • They can write articles or narratives about the Navi App, provide their link for referrals, and entice their audience to sign up for the service. Social media is an effective way to get the word out about Navi App & connect with potential new users. To add even more interest to the process, users can set up challenges or contests for referrals. They have the ability to set objectives for themselves and provide extra incentives upon achieving particular benchmarks.
  • What rewards can I earn through the Refer and Earn Program?The rewards may include cashback on transactions, discounts on services, or other exclusive offers. The specific rewards may vary based on ongoing promotions or campaigns. 3. Is there a limit to how many people I can refer?There is usually no limit to how many people you can refer to Navi App. The more people you refer, the more rewards you can earn. 1.
• Privacy Policy+
  • Players get the chance to compete with one another and display their skills in a competitive environment at these events. A variety of rummy- and gaming-related goods and services are provided by sponsors and vendors, which players can also anticipate to find at Rummy Meet events. Rummy Meet events cater to all skill levels, from casual players seeking an enjoyable day out to competitive players striving for victory. A successful and pleasurable time can be ensured for those who want to get the most out of their Rummy Meet experience by following a few tips.
  • Get Rewarded with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program
  • The goal of Navi App's referral program is to build a network of enthusiastic users who actively market the platform. When compared to conventional marketing techniques, this approach may result in organic growth and lower customer acquisition costs. Because users share their positive experiences with friends and family, it also helps to foster a sense of community among users. Quality of the app, allure of the rewards, and simplicity of use are often critical factors in determining the success of these referral programs.
  • Another user reported using the Navi App to set up a referral challenge among their friends, which allowed them to receive special discounts on their preferred services. These success stories demonstrate the potential of Navi App's Refer and Earn Program and how users can benefit from actively participating in it. 1. How do I get my referral link or code?To get your referral link or code, simply download Navi App, create an account, and navigate to the Refer and Earn section in the app. You will find your unique referral link or code that you can share with others. 2.
  • Players get the chance to compete with one another and display their skills in a competitive environment at these events. A variety of rummy- and gaming-related goods and services are provided by sponsors and vendors, which players can also anticipate to find at Rummy Meet events. Rummy Meet events cater to all skill levels, from casual players seeking an enjoyable day out to competitive players striving for victory. A successful and pleasurable time can be ensured for those who want to get the most out of their Rummy Meet experience by following a few tips.
  • What rewards can I earn through the Refer and Earn Program?The rewards may include cashback on transactions, discounts on services, or other exclusive offers. The specific rewards may vary based on ongoing promotions or campaigns. 3. Is there a limit to how many people I can refer?There is usually no limit to how many people you can refer to Navi App. The more people you refer, the more rewards you can earn. 1.
  • Through the Navi App's Refer and Earn Program, users can get compensated for introducing others to the app. The purpose of this campaign is to get current users to tell others about Navi App in their social networks, which will increase the app's user base. Program participants can receive cashback, discounts, or special benefits, among other incentives. The initiative helps Navi App expand its clientele and boost its visibility in the market while also compensating users for their advocacy. In order to establish credibility and draw in new users, this strategy makes use of word-of-mouth marketing.
  • More recommendations may result from this as it may arouse friendly rivalry and excitement within their network. By earning incentives and benefits through their referrals, numerous users have found success with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program. Some users have shared their experiences about using the Navi App to refer friends and family in order to receive special discounts or cashback on transactions. Other program participants are encouraged to get involved and make the most of their referrals by reading these success stories. After recommending the Navi App to their coworkers, one user shared how they were able to receive a sizable cashback. They could finally enjoy the fruits of their labor & were overjoyed to see that their efforts had paid off.
  • The fundamental goal of all Eastern Rummy variations is still to form sets and sequences, which is why the game is so popular throughout the various Eastern nations, despite these variations. Due to its accessibility via internet and mobile platforms, Eastern Rummy has become more and more popular in the modern world in recent years. With the ability to play in virtual tournaments against other players or connect with friends and family from the comfort of their own homes, players from all over the world can now enjoy the game. Eastern Rummy is now more accessible than ever thanks to the growth of online gaming, enabling players to enjoy the excitement of the game whenever and wherever they choose. Moreover, Eastern Rummy has become more well-known throughout the world thanks to international competitions and tournaments. International players unite to display their prowess and vie for coveted titles and rewards.
  • The initiative from Navi App shows that two important facets of its expansion strategy are its emphasis on user-driven growth and customer satisfaction. Obtaining the Special Link for Your Referral. Following their registration, they will have access to their special code or link, which they can distribute to their loved ones. Rewarding Referrals with Rewards.
  • The Refer & Earn Program rewards are subject to change at any time at the discretion of Navi App. 2. Users must adhere to ethical practices when promoting Navi App through the Refer & Earn Program. 3. Navi App reserves the right to disqualify any user found to be engaging in fraudulent activities or misuse of the program. 4.
  • Both the original user and the referrer get rewarded when someone joins up for Navi App using their code or referral link. Users have the option of sharing their referral code or link via email, messaging apps, social media, or other channels. Also, they can personally encourage their loved ones to use Navi App by outlining the advantages of doing so. Earnings Maximization.
• Earn App+
  • Through in-game chat functions and community forums, the platform offers players the chance to interact with one another. This enables users to interact with others who share their enthusiasm for gaming, exchange experiences, and talk about tactics. For some games, Yono Games APK offers multiplayer functionality as well as community features, enabling users to play cooperatively with friends or against other players in real-time. Players can now work together or pit their skills against other players, which amplifies the excitement and social interaction of the game. Yono Games APK offers a variety of multiplayer options that unite players in fun and interesting ways, regardless of whether you're looking for competitive or cooperative challenges. To get the most out of Yono Games APK, try browsing through various game categories & genres to find new games that catch your attention.
  • They can receive more incentives the more people they recommend. Users can take advantage of their network & get compensated for referring others to the Navi App in this easy and efficient way. The Navi App's Refer and Earn Program provides a number of incentives and advantages to both the new user and the referrer. The benefits could be in the form of service discounts, cashback on purchases, or other special deals.
  • These incentives are meant to encourage users to recommend other people and establish a favorable feedback loop for the application. In order to encourage active participation in the Refer and Earn Program and support the app's expansion, Navi App offers enticing rewards to its users. Making the most of their network is possible for the referrer by participating in the Refer and Earn Program and earning rewards. By referring new users to the Navi App, they can reap the benefits and gain from each new user they bring. That being said, as a welcome bonus, new users who sign up for Navi App using a code or referral link can also get exclusive benefits.
  • They can receive more incentives the more people they recommend. Users can take advantage of their network & get compensated for referring others to the Navi App in this easy and efficient way. The Navi App's Refer and Earn Program provides a number of incentives and advantages to both the new user and the referrer. The benefits could be in the form of service discounts, cashback on purchases, or other special deals.
  • Through in-game chat functions and community forums, the platform offers players the chance to interact with one another. This enables users to interact with others who share their enthusiasm for gaming, exchange experiences, and talk about tactics. For some games, Yono Games APK offers multiplayer functionality as well as community features, enabling users to play cooperatively with friends or against other players in real-time. Players can now work together or pit their skills against other players, which amplifies the excitement and social interaction of the game. Yono Games APK offers a variety of multiplayer options that unite players in fun and interesting ways, regardless of whether you're looking for competitive or cooperative challenges. To get the most out of Yono Games APK, try browsing through various game categories & genres to find new games that catch your attention.
  • Through the Navi App's Refer and Earn Program, users can get compensated for introducing others to the app. The purpose of this campaign is to get current users to tell others about Navi App in their social networks, which will increase the app's user base. Program participants can receive cashback, discounts, or special benefits, among other incentives. The initiative helps Navi App expand its clientele and boost its visibility in the market while also compensating users for their advocacy. In order to establish credibility and draw in new users, this strategy makes use of word-of-mouth marketing.
  • The initiative from Navi App shows that two important facets of its expansion strategy are its emphasis on user-driven growth and customer satisfaction. Obtaining the Special Link for Your Referral. Following their registration, they will have access to their special code or link, which they can distribute to their loved ones. Rewarding Referrals with Rewards.
  • Another user reported using the Navi App to set up a referral challenge among their friends, which allowed them to receive special discounts on their preferred services. These success stories demonstrate the potential of Navi App's Refer and Earn Program and how users can benefit from actively participating in it. 1. How do I get my referral link or code?To get your referral link or code, simply download Navi App, create an account, and navigate to the Refer and Earn section in the app. You will find your unique referral link or code that you can share with others. 2.
  • Once users have allowed the installation of apps from unknown sources, they can find and open the Yono Games APK file that has been downloaded to their device to start the installation process. After asking the user to confirm that they want to install the app, the device will start the installation process. Users can launch the Yono Games app and begin perusing the vast array of games on the platform once the installation is finished.
  • What rewards can I earn through the Refer and Earn Program?The rewards may include cashback on transactions, discounts on services, or other exclusive offers. The specific rewards may vary based on ongoing promotions or campaigns. 3. Is there a limit to how many people I can refer?There is usually no limit to how many people you can refer to Navi App. The more people you refer, the more rewards you can earn. 1.
  • More recommendations may result from this as it may arouse friendly rivalry and excitement within their network. By earning incentives and benefits through their referrals, numerous users have found success with Navi App's Refer and Earn Program. Some users have shared their experiences about using the Navi App to refer friends and family in order to receive special discounts or cashback on transactions. Other program participants are encouraged to get involved and make the most of their referrals by reading these success stories. After recommending the Navi App to their coworkers, one user shared how they were able to receive a sizable cashback. They could finally enjoy the fruits of their labor & were overjoyed to see that their efforts had paid off.
  • Another user reported using the Navi App to set up a referral challenge among their friends, which allowed them to receive special discounts on their preferred services. These success stories demonstrate the potential of Navi App's Refer and Earn Program and how users can benefit from actively participating in it. 1. How do I get my referral link or code?To get your referral link or code, simply download Navi App, create an account, and navigate to the Refer and Earn section in the app. You will find your unique referral link or code that you can share with others. 2.